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Table 3 The top-level classes table

From: DDO: a diabetes mellitus diagnosis ontology

Meta-level class

Description

Example subclasses

# of subclasses

DDO:diabetic complication

Subsumes all complications related to diabetes

Acute disease, chronic disease, nephropathy, foot disease, and cardiovascular

3781

DDO:drug

Subsumes all drugs affecting glucose level or pancreas function

Analgesic, antibacterial, antihistamine, autonomic, hematologic, retinoid, antiasthmatic, immunotherapeutic

1042

DDO: laboratory test

Subsumes all of the required laboratory tests to diagnose diabetes

HbA1c, serum ketone, insulin antibodies, basophils count, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, direct bilirubin

83

DDO: physical examination

Subsumes the physical signs that support diagnosis decision

Smoking, physical activity, BMI, blood pressure, thyroid function, waist circumference, alcohol drinking

23

DDO: diabetes symptom

Subsumes all of the diabetes-related symptoms

Cholestasis, diarrhea, drowsiness, edema, emphysema, fatigue, foot symptom, hyperesthesia, nausea, numbness

152