Table 1 Important PPM construction algorithms

Bernstein and Kornhauser (1996)

O(n²)

No

Yes

PPM-A (Cleary and Witten 1984)

O(n²)

No

Yes

PPM-B (Cleary and Witten 1984)

O(n²)

No

Yes

PPM-C (Moffat 1990)

O(n²)

No

Yes

PPM-D (Moffat 1990)

O(n²)

No

Yes

Cleary and Witten (1995)

O(n²)

No

Yes

Teahan (1995)

O(n²)

No

Yes

Joel and Sirota (2012)

O(n²)

No

Yes

Effros (2000)

O(n²)

No

Yes

PPM* (Hiroyuki et al. 2005)

O(n²)

No

Yes

Celikel (2005)

O(n²)

No

Yes

Proposed PPM

O(n²)

Yes

Yes